Free digital downloads while there is limited access to our kew site, signedin users can download digital records for free. The amalgamation was an administrative fiat of nigeria by the british colonialist overlord for economic and administrative convenience. Mar 30, 2021 the image below shows the document at the national archives, london with which the amalgamation of nigeria was done. The image below shows the document at the national archives, london with which the amalgamation of nigeria was done. I can confidently say that the amalgamation of 1914 is nothing but a fraud because it was not created for the interest of the nigeria or nigerians or biafrans but in the interest of the british. The history of modern nigeria is often tied to the 1914 amalgamation episode, under which the northern and southern protectorates were unified to create the nigerian entity. Nwabueze said nigeria was not yet a nation but a state and the convening of the national conference should be seen as a matter of priority as soon as possible, in any event before 2015 general elections.
Clifford recommended that the coordination of all administrative work should be directed from a. The amalgamation of nigeria and nationhood african voice. Sir frederick lugard, world war i and the amalgamation of nigeria. Among such people, sir herbert richmond palmer and c. The story of leaders of ethnic nationalities signing amalgamation document in 1914 is a hoax. Southern nigeria was a british protectorate in the coastal areas of modernday nigeria formed in 1900 from the union of the niger coast protectorate with territories chartered by the royal niger company below lokoja on the niger river the lagos colony was later added in 1906, and the territory was officially renamed the colony and protectorate of southern nigeria.
The evolution of the nigerian state from the colonial era grin. Colonial nigeria was the era in the history of nigeria when the region of west africa was ruled. The aftermath of colonialism in nigeria has affected nigeria s sociopolitical development, especially in the false marriage with the sobriquet. Nigeria was amalgamated in 1914 by lord lugard, but today exactly 99 years plus, close to a century, here we are discussing the event of almost 100 years past, this discussion is very necessary considering the impact that the event of 100 years ago amalgamation has had and what it is still having on us today. Nigeria thus fell to britain more as a result of the diplomacy of imperialism than a matter of choice for any of the peoples that were to be enclosed within this grid that came to be organized.
Nigeria the journey to amalgamation pdf letstalkhistory. Title lugard and the creation of provintial administration in northern. Amalgamation of northern and southern protectorates of. Amalgamation of nigeria, reasons and effects information. Amalgamation of nigeria was envisioned from early on in its governance, as is made clear by the report of the niger committee in 1898. Nigeria, the amalgamation of southern and northern nigeria protectorates by bri. The amalgamation of nigeria and nationhood african.
Historical map of subsaharan africa 1 january 1914 amalgamation of nigeria. In the case of nigeria it was left and ruled in three separate pieces, subsequently reduced to two units, north and south nigeria, and in 1912 under sir later lord lugard as the first british governor general colonial nigeria. After the amalgamation, lugard didnt make any serious efforts to bring north and south nigeria under the sole and central administration. Mar 10, 2014 however, though it is always in the character of those in government in nigeria to play ostrich all a bid to be labeled patriots, the truth is that if indeed the amalgamation of the northern and. It was provided by amanda kirby okoli, a londonbased lawyer. According to preliminary results of the 2006 census and subsequent estimates, the most populous cities in nigeria are lagos about 8 million, kano 3.
Apr 28, 2018 nigeria the journey to amalgamation pdf. Thereafter comes a fairly detailed examination of prevailing socioeconomic conditions in nigeria and, lastly, the conclusion. As best 2011 noted, the colonialists did that for two reasons. Southern nigeria was a british protectorate in the coastal areas of modernday nigeria formed in 1900 from the union of the niger coast protectorate with territories chartered by the royal niger company below lokoja on the niger river. In retrospect, southern nigeria and northern nigeria were coalesced together in 1914 to form a single colony of nigeria. Amalgamation of northern and southern nigeria in 1914.
This is a welldetailed book about the origin, history and traditions of the yoruba ethnic group of southwestern nigeria. Amalgamation to armageddon akubor, emmanuel osewe,ph. These are photos from the periods of amalgamation of nigeria the amalgamation of the northern and southern protectorates in 1914, was a marriage of convenience initiated by the british for gains to explore, dominate, subjugate, and milk the interior of the niger that later became nigeria the experiment called nigeria 191420, did not work and. A few years after the amalgamation, lugard was succeeded by hyu clifford. The end result was not to actually have a new territory centenary celebrations. The british architects of the amalgamation and the inhabitants both doubted that nigeria would survive.
Nigeria became a nationstate on january 1, 1914 with the amalgamation of the southern and northern protectorates, after many years of colonial rule, on 1st october, 1960 nigeria gained its. Lagos and the southern protectorate in 1906, and in 1914 the amalgamation to a single but inherently disparate groups administrative unit nigeria. Latest nigeria newspaper, nigeria newspapers for today, nigeria news paper today, nigeria news and naija news at your finger tips online. International political economy, nigeria, amalgamation, realist. The location of the amalgamation was in zungeru, niger state, which was the capital of the british protectorate of northern nigeria from 1902 to 1916. Explained amalgamation of nigeria in 1914 by lord lugard. This study is a creative interrogation of curious outcome of the 1914 amalgamation of the two protectorates of nigeria.
While the motives of the architects may seem questionable to some, the undeniable truth is that. This masters thesisopen access is brought to you for free and open access by the graduate college at. From the earliest times to the beginning of the british protectorate, the book was written by renowned historian, samuel johnson, and published in 1921 by c. Only 6 nigerians signed the amalgamation document in 1914. From the names above, you would notice that no igbo man was present in the amalgamation of nigeria despite the igbos having powerful kings like the obi okosi of onitsha, eze nri obalike etc the reason is not farfetched. Download the history of the yorubas by samuel johnson pdf. Jun 19, 2017 since our study of discuss is effect of amalgamation in the nigerian economy it will be appropriate to define some keywords in our topic. British administration assumed control, and were therefore free of duty. These are the nigerians present at the amalgamation. It was also necessary to promote and develop free movement and natural growth and trade. National integration and democratic consolidation in nigeria. Southern nigeria was a british protectorate in the coastal areas of modernday nigeria formed. Elections were therefore held in 312 single member constituencies nationwide. Nigeria s amalgamation was never a mistake because you and i are not a mistake.
The amalgamation hence, was purely for administrative convenience and economic exploitation and as chinweizu 1978 stated, british profit was too important to be allowed to suffer. Specifically it would enable direct subsidy of the less. While southern colonial administrators welcomed amalgamation as an opportunity for. This article discusses the amalgamation, its advantages as well as disadvantages. Amalgamation and nation building of nigeria 19141960. To alleviate these problems, northern nigeria were amalgamated with southern nigeria to form the single colony and protectorate of nigeria in 1914. However, most nations of the world that are ostensibly yet to face halve of the turbulence experienced in nigeria since 1914 amalgamation have disintegrated. The amalgamation of nigeria in 1914 by lord lugard.
Map of nigeria before amalgamation showing the three protectorates and provinces akintokunbo adejumo. It was also necessary to promote and develop free mo. Amalgamation and nation building of nigeria 1914 1960 with abstract, chapter 15, references and questionnaire. On account of their disagreement with amalgamation project they went ahead and continue to frustrate the amalgamation even long after 1914. The 1914 amalgamation that occurred shortly after the naming of nigeria was one of the significant moments for british administration in africa and a pivotal one for colonial nigeria. Temple were, indeed, very powerful colonial administrators. Download the nigeria amalgamation history pdf here. Colonial nigeria was the era in the history of nigeria when the region of west africa was ruled by the united kingdom from the midnineteenth century until 1960 when nigeria achieved independence. Many nigerians have asked if there were parties from the southern and northern protectorate that partook in the declaration of nigeria, or did.
In fact, nigeria as a political entity was created in eric, p. This work seeks to explore the concept of amalgamation, its significance and analytical forethought in order to recommend solutions to some myriads of problems that the entity called. Amalgamation of nigeria westafrican colonial administration. Nigeria, the amalgamation of southern and northern nigeria protectorates by british. Colonial northern nigeria and the politics of muslimchristian. In 2014, the amalgamation will be 100 years, and the nigerian federal government is already making moves to have a blast. Pdf this study is a creative interrogation of curious outcome of the 1914 amalgamation. Revisiting the budgetary deficit factor in the 1914. The ill conceived connubial resolution that brought southern nigeria and northern nigeria together in 1914 is up till today being debated to be the basis of the problems we are facing. History of the amalgamation of nigeria nigerian finder. Abuja has been the capital of nigeria since december 12, 1991. Instead of nigeria to disintegrate, the centripetal forces appear to be waxing. The amalgamation of nigeria also made it possible for everyone across the country to enjoy benefits across territories. Yagazie foundation holds free medical outreach in eastern nigeria.
Critical expose of the effects of 1914 amalgamation on nigeria. Advantages and disadvantages of amalgamation in nigeria. Lugard later prepared a detailed report titled amalgamation of northern and southern nigeria and administration 19121919 which he submitted to the british parliament. Pdf this paper deals with the discourse on evolution of nigerian state and the challenges it poses for actualisation of. The illconceived connubial resolution that brought southern nigeria and northern nigeria together in 1914 is up till today being debated to be the basis of the problems we. Combining the three jurisdictions would reduce administrative expenses and facilitate deployment of resources and money between the areas. When lagos was amalgamated with the rest of southern nigeria in 1906, the then high. By lugards 1914 amalgamation document, any region can secede in 2014 shuluwa. Clifford recommended that the coordination of all administrative work should be directed from a single centre.
During his period as governorgeneral of nigeria, 19121918, lugard embarked on the amalgamation of some provinces in northem nigeria. Before this event, the nigerian state had been a political entity with numerous diversities which made governance difficult. The discussion of the history of nigeria cannot be complete without talking about the amalgamation of nigeria. Amalgamation of nigeria was envisioned from early on in its governance, as is made clear by. Amalgamation of nigeria historical atlas of subsaharan. The amalgamation remains a significant phase in the history of nigeria and you will find out why in this article. Britain annexed lagos in 1861 and established the oil river protectorate in 1884.
On january 1, 1914, northern and southern nigeria were amalgamated into one country and named the colony and protectorate of nigeria. Amalgamation of nigeria summary the history of nigeria can not be complete without talking about amalgamation of nigeria. The amalgamation of nigeria was a fraud by chief richard. Since the amalgamation in 1914, the british government has been trying to make nigeria into one country, but the nigerian people are different in every way including religion, custom, language and. Nigeria in 1914 marked a turning point in the evolution of the. It was a significant phase in the history of nigeria. The amalgamation of nigeria has brought a few benefits, but several disadvantages because of the incompatible nature of the cultural side of the tribes that inhabit the country called nigeria. It has remained as controversial as the partition of africa especially mirrored from the lumping together of several heterogenous nationalities into a questionable whole. Mar 11, 2014 there appears to be a bright side to the 1914 amalgamation of nigeria by the british after all. British rule p6, character of british administration p6, necessity of amalgamation, finance p7. Amalgamation of nigeria youth forum june 5, 2020 the youths of nigeria, it is time you woke up from your sleepless slumber to lead the efforts to retake nigeria for this and future generations of nigerians. Nigeria tax system is historical odusola, 2006 dates back to 1904 when the personal income tax was introduced in northern nigeria before the amalgamation, through the native revenue ordinances 1917 the west, the direct taxation ordinance no. Those who signed nigeria amalgamation document in 1914. Granted the amalgamation of nigeria in 1914, the colonial administration successively ensured that the two protectorates were administered separately.
By the 1910s the british had mostly pacified northern nigeria but found administering the region difficult and costly. Aug 31, 2020 lugard later prepared a detailed report titled amalgamation of northern and southern nigeria and administration 19121919 which he submitted to the british parliament. Nigeria s population to be 31,559,026, the political parties all agreed that there should be approximately one seat in the new house of representatives to every 100,000 persons in nigeria. Depending on your point of view, amalgamation of nigeria has both positive and negative sides. Amalgamation of nigeria in 1914 by lord lugard legit. In the annals of nigeria history, one chapter that has remained till today controversial and very elusive to candid classification is the amalgamation of 1914. In pointing to the right direction,those who claimed that nigeria s amalgamation may be responsible for our present and past challenges or to those who constantly claim that without the separation, we cannot move. History of amalgamation of nigeria in 1914 by lord lugard. The nigerian state, created in 1914, as an act of british colonialism, by the amalgamation of two existing british colonial states, the protectorate of northern nigeria and the colony and protectorate of southern nigeria was 100 years old on the 1 st day of january 2014. Amalgamation of northern and southern protectorates. It is most appropriate at this point to define the meaning and effect of amalgamation.
The amalgamation hence, was purely for administrative convenience and economic exploitation and as chinweizu 1978 stated, british profit. It was a little longrange planning in the uk for the future of their new colony. Aug 30, 2012 we must remember that british didnt capture all part of nigeria on its own, they bought some parts from some of the companies. Amalgamation of nigeria summary the history of nigeria cannot be complete without talking about amalgamation of nigeria. Although it appears that these issues can be resolved by dialogue and compromise, particularly by the intervention of a superpower, perhaps britain in. Please note the cameroon border and relate to bakassi province today as far as the colonial office was concerned, the main stumbling block on the road to amalgamation was the personalities of the administrators of the three provinces. Background to the amalgamation in nigeria s parlance, amalgamation refers to the january 1914 fusion of. British influence in the region began with the prohibition of slave trade to british subjects in 1807. Background to the amalgamation in nigeria s parlance, amalgamation refers to. This work seeks to explore the concept of amalgamation, its significance and analytical forethought in order to recommend solutions to.
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